Natural system modifications

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soil

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Global Data

Above-Ground Carbon

Tree carbon stocks are relevant for quantifying terrestrial carbon storage and carbon sinks as well as for estimating potential emissions and removals from land cover changes (deforestation, reforestation, afforestation) and from biotic (pests, diseases) and abiotic (e.g. forest fires, windstorms) disturbances. Forests in particular have a key role in the global carbon cycle and are considered large and persistent carbon sinks thanks to the CO2 fixed by photosynthesis into organic matter, such as wood. Therefore, spatially explicit data and assessments of forest biomass and carbon are of paramount importance for the design and implementation of effective sustainable forest management options and forest related policies. The AGCI provides useful information about the tree carbon stocks and condition in protected areas, which can contribute to identify potentially degraded areas, evaluate the conservation performance of protected areas, set restoration targets, and assess the contribution of protected areas to reduce net global carbon emissions. In the assessment of AGCI, water bodies, urban areas, permanent snow/ice and bare area land cover classes mapped by the Climate Change Initiative – Land Cover map (Land Cover CCI, 2017) have been masked out for preventing distortions and potentially biased estimates that unvegetated areas, or areas with very low canopy cover, can cause in the assessment (Quegan et al. 2017).

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json

iso3

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"Above-Ground Carbon ", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_total"}

{"name":"Above-Ground Carbon Protected ", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Above-Ground Carbon Protected ", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_prot"}

{"name":"Above-Ground Carbon Unprotected", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Above-Ground Carbon Unprotected", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

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REST

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

sequential-5

PA Data

Above-Ground Carbon

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"agb_tot_c_mg", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"agb_tot_c_mg"}

{"name":"Min value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Min value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_min_c_mg"}

{"name":"Mean value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Mean value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_mean_c_mg"}

{"name":"Max value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Max value for Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_max_c_mg"}

{"name":"Sum of Below Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Sum of Below Above-Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_tot_c_mg"}

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Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Above-Ground Carbon

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"agb_tot_c_pg_total", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_total"}

{"name":"Unprotected Above-Ground Carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Unprotected Above-Ground Carbon (Pg)", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Protected Above-Ground Carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Protected Above-Ground Carbon (Pg)", "data":"agb_tot_c_pg_prot"}

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un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Below ground carbon

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 11:54:50 +0000

Below ground carbon

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 07:54

Indicator unit: The belowground biomass carbon (BBC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It represents an estimation of the carbon stored in the roots of all living trees. This carbon pool is calculated as a fraction of the aboveground biomass carbon stock using root-to-shoot ratios (R). It is derived from two main data sources: the global aboveground biomass map produced by the GlobBiomass project (globbiomass.org) and the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2019).

Area of interest: The BBCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which BBCI is relevant:

How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of vegetation resources, to the health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the sustainability of the local communities that depend on these ecosystem services derived from them? Tree-root systems provide various ecosystem services that improve soil conditions and prevent soil degradation.
How do protected areas contribute to carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Forests represent one of the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoirs, and significantly contribute to the regulation of the global carbon cycle. Root biomass represents a stable and relatively inaccessible carbon stock, mainly affected by the removal of the canopy. Protected areas may contribute to biomass and carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world

Goal 13. Climate Change

Target 11 on Protected Areas

Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems

Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

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off

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Off

State

soil

Pressure

Add Map Layers

Below Ground Carbon (Mg)

{ "id": "africa_platform:bgb_2021", "type": "raster", "source": { "type": "raster", "tiles": [ "https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/africa_platform/wms?bbox={bbox-epsg-3857}&service=WMS&request=GetMap&layers=africa_platform:bgb_2021&format=image%2Fpng&transparent=true&version=1.1.1&height=256&width=256&srs=EPSG%3A3857" ], "tileSize": 256 }, "paint": {} }

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?request=getlegendgraphic&version=1.0.0&format=image/png&transparent=true&width=20&height=20&strict=false&style=agb_2021

Global Data

Belowground Biomass Carbon Indicator (BBCI)

The BBCI provides an estimation of the amount of carbon stocks in tree roots. Together with the AGCI and SOCI, it provides a complete overview of the total carbon stored in forest areas (trees and soil). Roots are a long term and stable carbon sink, accounting for about 0.2 - 0.4 of the above ground biomass across biogeographical regions(Reich et al., 2014) of the total tree biomass. Moreover, well stablished and developed root systems provide various ecosystem services related to improved soil quality (higher cation exchange capacity and nutrient turnaround) and soil characteristics (improved aeration, soil porosity) as well as several soil-water-atmosphere interactions. As a derived dataset, the BBCI inherits some of the characteristics from the original data, such as the spatial (100 m) and temporal (year 2017) resolution. In addition, water bodies, urban areas, permanent snow/ice and bare area land cover classes (Land Cover CCI, 2017) are masked.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json

iso3

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"Below Ground Carbon Protected", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_total"}

{"name":"Below Ground Carbon Protected", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Below Ground Carbon Protected", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_prot"}

{"name":"Below Ground Carbon Unprotected", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Below Ground Carbon Unprotected", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

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Natural Breaks (Jenks)

sequential-7

PA Data

Below ground carbon

Belowground Biomass Carbon Indicator (BBCI)

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"bgb_tot_c_mg", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"bgb_tot_c_mg"}

{"name":"Min value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Min value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_min_c_mg"}

{"name":"Mean value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Mean value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_mean_c_mg"}

{"name":"Max value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Max value for Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_max_c_mg"}

{"name":"Sum of Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Sum of Below Ground Carbon (Mg)", "data":"bgb_tot_c_mg"}

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Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Below ground carbon

Belowground Biomass Carbon Indicator (BBCI)

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"bgb_tot_c_pg_total", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_total"}

{"name":"Unprotected Below Ground Carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Unprotected Below Ground Carbon (Pg)", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Protected Below Ground Carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Protected Below Ground Carbon (Pg)", "data":"bgb_tot_c_pg_prot"}

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un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Forest Dynamics

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 09:26:12 +0000

Forest Dynamics

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 05:26

How well are forests preserved in a given area? Forests are one of the most important terrestrial habitats and a carbon sink that needs to be conserved to fulfil biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation targets. By informing of forest cover trends, and their spatial distribution, it is possible to highlight countries, ecoregions or specific protected areas with worrying forest loss trends, as well as others where forest cover is well maintained or even increases through time either naturally or through forestation.

Indicator unit: Forest change statistics are expressed as the trend in the percent of the land covered by forests, as well as the total forest area (km2 ) gained or lost when compared to the reference year 2000.

Area of interest: The forest cover for the year 2000 and the forest change statistics are computed for each protected area, each country and each ecoregion and are provided for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2 ,each country and each terrestrial ecoregion.

____

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

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off

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Off

State

forestry

Pressure

Add Map Layers

{ "id": "Forest Cover loss 2001-2014", "type": "raster", "source": { "tilejson": "2.2.0", "type": "raster", "tiles": ["https://storage.googleapis.com/earthenginepartners-hansen/tiles/gfc_v1.4/loss_alpha/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"], "tileSize": 256 } }

{ "id": "Forest Cover gain 2001-2019", "type": "raster", "source": { "tilejson": "2.2.0", "type": "raster", "tiles": ["https://storage.googleapis.com/earthenginepartners-hansen/tiles/gfc_v1.4/gain_alpha/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"], "tileSize": 256 } }

PA Data

Forest Dynamics

Forests concentrate a large portion of terrestrial biological diversity and are one of the main storages of carbon, which is accumulated in the forest biomass, in the dead organic matter and in the forest soils. Halting or reducing forest loss is required to ensure the conservation of many species that depend on forest habitats and ecosystems. On the other hand, a sustainable use and management of forests, which obtains wood and non-wood products for human use while ensuring forest persistence, is crucial to support, in many areas, the livelihoods of rural communities, which would otherwise get impoverished by a depleted forest cover. Avoiding forest loss, or increasing the area covered by forests where necessary, is also needed to preserve or restore many other important ecosystem services like water regulation, erosion control, pollution control or recreation. Forests are in risk in many areas due to a variety of pressures, most notably agricultural expansion but also extractive activities (such as mining), urbanization, infrastructure development or wildfires, among others.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"Forest cover (%) in PA", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"gfc_loss_perc_tot"}

{"name":"Forest Loss (%) ", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest Loss (%) ", "data":"gfc_loss_perc_tot"}

{"name":"Forest Gain (%) ", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest Gain (%) ", "data":"gfc_gain_perc_tot"}

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Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Forest Dynamics

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"Forest cover (%) in country", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"gfc_treecover_land_perc_country_land"}

{"name":"Forest loss (%) in country", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest loss (%) in country", "data":"gfc_loss_perc_tot"}

{"name":"Forest loss (%) in protected lands", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest loss (%) in protected lands", "data":"gfc_loss_prot_perc_tot"}

{"name":"Forest gain (%) in country", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest gain (%) in country", "data":"gfc_gain_perc_tot"}

{"name":"Forest gain (%) in protected lands", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Forest gain (%) in protected lands", "data":"gfc_gain_prot_perc_tot"}

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un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Habitats and Ecosystems

Inland surface water dynamics

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 11:14:02 +0000

Inland surface water dynamics

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 07:14

How well are we protecting freshwater ecosystems and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting surface water in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the environment, in particular inside and around protected areas, to ensure that natural ecosystems and their associated species and ecosystem functions (e.g. goods and services) are preserved. By comparing surface water maps overtime at the country and protected area level, changes in water regimes can be identified.

Indicator unit: Areas of inland permanent and seasonal surface water and their changes over time (1984 - 2018) are expressed in km2 and percentages. The following statistics are computed for each protected area, each country and each terrestrial ecoregion and are provided, together with associated maps, for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2 and each country :

Net change (km2 ) of permanent surface water (1984 - 2020)
Net change (km2 ) of seasonal inland water (1984 - 2020)
Net change (km2 ) of protected permanent surface water (1984 - 2020)
Net change (km2 ) of protected seasonal inland water (1984 - 2020)

We further provide maps of water occurrence, water occurrence change intensity and water transitions. Area of interest Surfaces of inland surface water and change statistics have been computed at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas.

Area of interest: Surfaces of inland surface water and change statistics have been computed at the country level and for all protected areas.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

Target 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

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off

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water

Pressure

Add Map Layers

{ "id": "Global Surface Water Transition Layer", "type": "raster", "source": { "tilejson": "2.2.0", "type": "raster", "tiles": ["https://storage.googleapis.com/global-surface-water/maptiles/transitions/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"], "tileSize": 256 } }

PA Data

Inland surface water

Many surface waters and wetlands are unique and species-rich ecosystems upon which numerous plant and animal species depend, and can provide key ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, primary production, water provisioning, water purification and recreation (Dudgeon et al. 2006; Dodds et al. 2013). Surface waters may be more at risk than other land habitat resources due to multiple pressures such as unsustainable consumption, wetland drainage, land use intensification, stream diversion and climate change, a situation that is particularly worrying in dry areas where water scarcity is already becoming a major limiting factor for wildlife and for humans (Vörösmarty et al. 2010; Carpenter et al., 2011; Dodds et al. 2013). For these reasons, the risk of extinction for freshwater species was already found to be higher than for their terrestrial counterparts (Collen et al., 2013). Here, we quantify surface water in protected areas and countries using the 2020 version of the Global Surface Water product mapped by Pekel et al. (2016). By further assessing temporal changes using the full 34-year history of Landsat data one can distinguish between permanent and seasonal water, and assess the net change of water inside areas that are currently protected.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"Net change of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984) (km2)", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"water_p_netchange_sqkm"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_p_netchange_sqkm"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_s_netchange_sqkm"}

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Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Inland surface water

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"water_p_netchange_sqkm", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"Net change of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984) (km2)"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_p_netchange_sqkm"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_s_netchange_sqkm"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of protected permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of protected permanent surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_p_prot_netchange_sqkm"}

{"name":"Net change (km2) of protected seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Net change (km2) of protected seasonal surface water (2020 – 1984)", "data":"water_s_prot_netchange_sqkm"}

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un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Habitats and Ecosystems

Land cover change 2015-2000

Anonymous — Fri, 08 Nov 2019 14:33:34 +0000

Land cover change 2015-2000 Anonymous Fri, 11/08/2019 - 10:33

Percentage of land affected by landcover change (ESA LC CCI) within first and last epoch. By protected area.

Ranking

off

Make Map Points

Off

Pressure

Global Data

Percentage of land cover change 2015-2000

Percentage of land cover change 2015-2000 by ESA LCC map

https://dopa-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa40/landcover/get_wdpa_lcc_esa_percent?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

wdpaid

WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"wdpaid"}

{"name":"Percent change", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"percent"}

{"name":"Percent change", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Percent change", "data":"percent"}

Descending

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records

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

PA Data

Percentage of land cover change 2015-2000

Percentage of land cover change 2015-2000 by ESA LCC map

https://dopa-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa40/landcover/get_wdpa_lcc_esa_percent?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

wdpaid

WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"wdpaid"}

{"name":"Percent change", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"percent"}

{"name":"Percent change", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Percent change", "data":"percent"}

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records

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Land Fragmentation

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 09:02:17 +0000

Land Fragmentation

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 05:02

Indicator units: Natural (and semi-natural) land fragmentation refers to the reduction of area, the emergence of discontinuities and the isolation of natural land patches within a region of interest. Natural land spatial pattern is a relevant measure to capture changes in size, shape and structural connectivity, in particular the breaking down of large patches of natural land into smaller patches, the presence of linear features and isolated small fragments. The Natural Land Pattern Index (NLPI) assesses the spatial pattern of the natural and semi-natural lands for a given year (here, at year 2015) by reporting the area (in km2) covered by six spatial pattern classes (core, edge, linear feature, islet, core-perforation, other non-natural land) within a region of interest. The Natural Land Pattern Dynamics (NLPD) index reports the trends in the area occupied by these pattern classes in the last 20 years (1995-2015) within a region of interest. The landscape mosaic is simplified into natural/semi-natural lands, water bodies and non-natural lands. Non-natural lands such as cropland, transport infrastructure and settlements, are considered fragmenting elements.The six pattern classes are determined based on the spatial arrangement, shape and size of the land cover patches; See below (Use and Interpretation section) for a detailed description of these six classes. Fragmentation can be further resumed in one single indicator value, such as the edge to core ratio. The Natural Land Fragmentation Index (NLFI) and the Natural Land Fragmentation Dynamics (NLFD) will be included in the next update of the DOPA.

Area of interest: NLPI and NLPD are calculated in DOPA for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, as well as for countries and terrestrial ecoregions, and are provided in DOPA Explorer for all terrestrial and coastal protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2 , for countries and for terrestrial ecoregions. The spatial distribution of the six pattern classes is mapped and shown in DOPA for all natural/semi-natural land, either inside or outside protected areas.

Policy question: How can we assess the spatial integrity of natural/semi-natural ecosystems?
Where and how much are global and local pressures fragmenting natural/semi-natural lands? Pressures on the natural land, particularly
human driven pressures, are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor how they translate in changes in the spatial pattern and
fragmentation levels of natural/semi-natural ecosystems, in particular inside and around protected areas, to ensure that these ecosystems, and their associated species, their functions and services, are preserved.

___

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

Ranking

off

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Off

State

natural dynamics

Pressure

Add Map Layers

Land Fragmentation

{ "id": "dopa_explorer_3:land_fragmentation", "type": "raster", "source": { "type": "raster", "tiles": [ "https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/dopa_explorer_3/wms?bbox={bbox-epsg-3857}&service=WMS&request=GetMap&layers=dopa_explorer_3:land_fragmentation&format=image%2Fpng&transparent=true&version=1.1.1&height=256&width=256&srs=EPSG%3A3857" ], "tileSize": 256 }, "paint": {} }

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&transparent=true&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&STRICT=false&style=land_fragmentation

PA Data

Land Fragmentation

The Natural Land Pattern Index (NLPI) values and their trends (NLPD) allow evaluating the status and dynamics of fragmentation processes in terms of few key relevant spatial pattern changes in protected areas and in their buffer areas. Six landscape pattern classes have been determined, based on the land cover information of the Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI-LC) map, using an edge width of 300 m (corresponding to one pixel in the CCI-LC map at the equator).

The six pattern classes, which are exemplified in Figure 1, are the following:

NATURAL LAND

Core: Area of natural/semi-natural land cover that is not adjacent to non-natural land cover, i.e. that is separated by a distance larger than the considered edge width (300 m in the equator) from non-natural land covers.
Edge: Area of natural/semi-natural land that surrounds the core areas and that is adjacent to non natural land cover.
Islet: A patch of natural/semi-natural land cover that is too small to contain any core area (all the extent of the patch is closer to nonnatural land cover than the considered edge width).
Linear feature: All other areas of non-core natural/semi-natural land that do not fall into any of the two non-core classes above. It typically corresponds to small and elongated extents of natural/semi-natural land that extend from outside the edge of a core patch, either connecting or not to another core patch.

NON NATURAL LAND

Core-perforation: Non-natural land fully enclosed by core area. It corresponds to the non-natural land found within openings of natural/semi-natural land due to anthropogenic (e.g. settlements, shifting cultivation) processes.
Other non-natural: other areas not falling in any of the previous categories: it includes non-natural areas (cropland, urban) as well as water bodies.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

Land Fragmentation

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&transparent=true&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&STRICT=false&style=land_fragmentation

Pie

{"label":"Core (km2)", "name":"", "data":"mspa_core_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"} {"label":"Non Natural (km2)", "name":"", "data":"mspa_non_natural_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"} {"label":"Edge (km2) ", "name":"", "data":"mspa_edge_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"} {"label":"Core Perforation (km2)", "name":"", "data":"mspa_core_perforation_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"} {"label":"Islet (km2)", "name":"", "data":"mspa_islet_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"} {"label":"Linear (km2)", "name":"", "data":"mspa_linear_2015_sqkm", "label_from_rest":"0"}

REST

wdpaid

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Land Fragmentation

The six pattern classes, which are exemplified in Figure 1, are the following:

NATURAL LAND

Core: Area of natural/semi-natural land cover that is not adjacent to non-natural land cover, i.e. that is separated by a distance larger than the considered edge width (300 m in the equator) from non-natural land covers.
Edge: Area of natural/semi-natural land that surrounds the core areas and that is adjacent to non natural land cover.
Islet: A patch of natural/semi-natural land cover that is too small to contain any core area (all the extent of the patch is closer to nonnatural land cover than the considered edge width).
Linear feature: All other areas of non-core natural/semi-natural land that do not fall into any of the two non-core classes above. It typically corresponds to small and elongated extents of natural/semi-natural land that extend from outside the edge of a core patch, either connecting or not to another core patch.

NON NATURAL LAND

Core-perforation: Non-natural land fully enclosed by core area. It corresponds to the non-natural land found within openings of natural/semi-natural land due to anthropogenic (e.g. settlements, shifting cultivation) processes.
Other non-natural: other areas not falling in any of the previous categories: it includes non-natural areas (cropland, urban) as well as water bodies.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

iso3

Land Fragmentation

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&transparent=true&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&STRICT=false&style=land_fragmentation

Pie

REST

un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Habitats and Ecosystems

Soil organic carbon

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 12:22:22 +0000

Soil organic carbon

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 08:22

Indicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2.

Area of interest: The SOCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which the SOCI indicator is relevant:  How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of soil resources, to the fertility, health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the livelihoods of the local communities that depend on these resources? Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main component of soil organic matter, which is critical for the stabilization of soil structure, retention and release of plant nutrients, and water infiltration and storage in soil. SOC is therefore essential to ensuring soil health, fertility and food production. The loss of SOC indicates a certain degree of soil degradation, and can happen through unsustainable management practices such as excessive irrigation or leaving the soil bare, without significant vegetation cover.  How do protected areas contribute to soil carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Soils represent the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoir. Carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon stored in phytomass and in the atmosphere, and is the second largest global carbon store (sink) after the oceans. Changes in land use and land cover can cause SOC decreases and carbon emissions, which are one of the largest sources of human-caused carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Protected areas may contribute to soil carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

---

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world

Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks

Goal 13. Climate Change

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

Ranking

off

Make Map Points

Off

State

soil

Pressure

Add Map Layers

Soil organic carbon

{ "id": "dopa_explorer_3:soil_organic_carbon", "type": "raster", "source": { "type": "raster", "tiles": [ "https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/dopa_explorer_3/wms?bbox={bbox-epsg-3857}&service=WMS&request=GetMap&layers=dopa_explorer_3:soil_organic_carbon&format=image%2Fpng&transparent=true&version=1.1.1&height=256&width=256&srs=EPSG%3A3857" ], "tileSize": 256 }, "paint": {} }

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&transparent=true&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&STRICT=false&style=soil_org_car

PA Data

Soil organic carbon

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the carbon that remains in the soil after partial decomposition of any material produced by living organisms. Depending on local geology, climatic conditions and land use and management (amongst other factors), soils hold different SOC amounts.

The largest amounts of SOC are stored in the northern permafrost region, mostly in peat soils, where carbon accumulates in soils in huge quantities due to the low temperatures leading to low biological activity and slow decomposition of soil organic matter. In contrast, in dry and hot regions, plant growth is naturally scarce and only very little carbon enters the soil, leading to low SOC content. Climate change can also alter SOC levels, in contrasting magnitudes and directions depending on the considered regions.

Land cover and land use also have an important influence on SOC. Conversion of natural vegetation to cropland can cause large decreases in SOC levels. Unsustainable agricultural management practices such as excessive irrigation or leaving the soil bare are also drivers of important SOC losses, while the opposite is true for practices associated to sustainable soil management, such as mulching, planting cover crops, reduced or no tillage, moderate irrigation and judicious fertilization (Scharlemann et al., 2014; FAO and ITPS, 2018a, 2018b) . The SOCI provides useful information about the soil condition in protected areas, particularly when compared with other unprotected areas with similar environmental conditions, such as the unprotected buffers around protected areas. This information can contribute to identify potentially degraded areas, evaluate the conservation performance of protected areas, set restoration targets, and assess the contribution of protected areas to reduce net global carbon emissions.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"Total Soil organic carbon", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"gsoc_tot_c_mg"}

{"name":"Min value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Min value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "data":"gsoc_min_c_mg"}

{"name":"Mean value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Mean value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "data":"gsoc_mean_c_mg"}

{"name":"Max value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Max value for Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "data":"gsoc_max_c_mg"}

{"name":"Sum of Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Sum of Soil organic carbon (Mg)", "data":"gsoc_tot_c_mg"}

Descending

REST

wdpaid

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Soil organic carbon

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"Soil organic carbon", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"gsoc_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Unprotected Soil Organic Carbon", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Unprotected Soil Organic Carbon", "data":"gsoc_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Protected Soil Organic Carbon", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Protected Soil Organic Carbon", "data":"gsoc_tot_c_pg_prot"}

Descending

REST

iso3

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic

Total carbon

Manager — Tue, 24 May 2022 13:00:11 +0000

Total carbon

Manager Tue, 05/24/2022 - 09:00

Indicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2 .

Area of interest The SOCI has been calculated at the country level and for all protected areas and is provided and for each country, each terrestrial ecoregion and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which the SOCI indicator is relevant:

How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of soil resources, to the fertility, health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the livelihoods of the local communities that depend on these resources? Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main component of soil organic matter, which is critical for the stabilization of soil structure, retention and release of plant nutrients, and water infiltration and storage in soil. SOC is therefore essential to ensuring soil health, fertility and food production. The loss of SOC indicates a certain degree of soil degradation, and can happen through unsustainable management practices such as excessive irrigation or leaving the soil bare, without significant vegetation cover.
How do protected areas contribute to soil carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Soils represent the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoir. Carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon stored in phytomass and in the atmosphere, and is the second largest global carbon store (sink) after the oceans. Changes in land use and land cover can cause SOC decreases and carbon emissions, which are one of the largest sources of human-caused carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Protected areas may contribute to soil carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

---

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Response (Policies and Goals/Targets)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world

Goal 13. Climate Change

Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems

Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks

Target 11 on Protected Areas

Technical Reference/Fact Sheet

Source

Source:

Ranking

off

Make Map Points

Off

State

soil

Pressure

Add Map Layers

Total carbon (Mg)

{ "id": "africa_platform:carbon_tot_2021", "type": "raster", "source": { "type": "raster", "tiles": [ "https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/africa_platform/wms?bbox={bbox-epsg-3857}&service=WMS&request=GetMap&layers=africa_platform:carbon_tot_2021&format=image%2Fpng&transparent=true&version=1.1.1&height=256&width=256&srs=EPSG%3A3857" ], "tileSize": 256 }, "paint": {} }

https://geospatial.jrc.ec.europa.eu/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&transparent=true&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&STRICT=false&style=tot_Car_2021

Global Data

Total carbon

The global map of above- and below-ground terrestrial carbon storage (tonnes (t) of C per km²) merges the following layers: (i) the above-ground carbon, expressed in tonnes of carbon per km² which corresponds to the carbon fraction of the oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees, excluding stump and roots, as estimated by the GlobBiomass project (globbiomass.org) with 2017 as the reference year (Santoro et al., 2019), and (ii) the belowground biomass carbon (BBC), expressed in tonnes of carbon per km² which represents an estimation of the carbon stored in the roots of all living trees. The BBC is a derived product from two main sources of information: (i) above-ground biomass (AGB) data provided by the global terrestrial biomass map derived from Earth Observation data in the framework of the GlobBiomass project, and (ii) chapter 4 of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2019), which indicates the most updated root-to-shoot ratios (R). The IPCC Root-to-shoot ratios depend on the biogeographic conditions (ecozone), forest type, forest origin (natural or planted) and aboveground biomass density (Table 4.4 of IPCC, 2019). However, while the biomass map provides wall-to-wall global coverage, the IPCC ratios are not available for all existing combinations of the parameters indicated above.

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json

iso3

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"Total carbon unprotected", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_prot"}

{"name":"Total carbon protected", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Total carbon protected", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_prot"}

{"name":"Total carbon unprotected", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Total carbon unprotected", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

Descending

REST

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

diverging-2

PA Data

Total carbon

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_wdpa_all_inds?format=json&wdpaid=WDPAID

{"name":"PA", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"pa_name"}

{"name":"carbon_tot_c_mg", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"carbon_tot_c_mg"}

{"name":"Min value for Total carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Min value for Total carbon (Mg)", "data":"carbon_min_c_mg"}

{"name":"Mean value for Total carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Mean value for Total carbon (Mg)", "data":"carbon_mean_c_mg"}

{"name":"Max value for Total carbon (Mg)", "type":"line", "bp_count":"Max value for Total carbon (Mg)", "data":"carbon_max_c_mg"}

{"name":"Sum of Total carbon (Mg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Sum of Total carbon (Mg)", "data":"carbon_tot_c_mg"}

Descending

REST

wdpaid

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

National Data

Total carbon

https://rest-services.jrc.ec.europa.eu/services/d6dopa/dopa_42/get_dopa_country_all_inds?format=json&country_code=NUM

{"name":"Country ", "show": true, "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"category", "data":"country_name"}

{"name":"carbon_tot_c_pg_unprot", "nameLocation": "middle", "nameGap": 80, "type":"value", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Unprotected Total carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Unprotected Total carbon (Pg)", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_unprot"}

{"name":"Protected Total carbon (Pg)", "type":"bar", "bp_count":"Protected Total carbon (Pg)", "data":"carbon_tot_c_pg_prot"}

Descending

REST

un_m49

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

Topic